Restless Legs Syndrome, also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by a persistent urge to move one’s legs. It commonly occurs in the evening and at night and is accompanied by tingling or burning sensations in the legs. This often interrupts a person’s ability to fall and stay asleep due to their legs feeling uncomfortable. People with RLS may also experience crawling and tugging sensations in their legs.
The condition affects more than 10 million Americans and is often undiagnosed. RLS can occur at any age but is more common in middle-aged adults. In some cases, it may become severe enough to interfere with normal daily activities, including sleep. If left untreated, RLS can put people at a higher risk of developing sleep disorders, such as insomnia.
The exact cause of RLS is unknown, but it is linked to genetics and related to dopamine, an important chemical in the brain. Other possible risk factors include iron deficiency, rheumatoid arthritis, and pregnancy.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of RLS is an overwhelming urge to move the legs. This urge may begin with sensations of tingling, crawling, or tugging in the lower legs. People with RLS may feel relief from discomfort by walking or moving their legs. Other symptoms include difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep, being easily awakened after sleeping, difficulty concentrating, and irritability.
RLS symptoms typically worsen in the evening and when inactive. Symptoms may vary in intensity and duration, and can be occasional or frequent. Symptoms can sometimes spread to other parts of the body, such as the arms and torso.
Causes
The exact cause of RLS is unknown, but it is linked to genetic factors and related to dopamine, an important chemical in the brain. Other possible risk factors include iron deficiency, rheumatoid arthritis, and pregnancy. It is also thought that certain medications and lifestyle factors, such as alcohol use and smoking, may contribute to the development of RLS.
RLS is also associated with other neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, and sometimes occurs in relation to sleep disorders, like periodic limb movement disorder. It is possible that people with RLS may be more prone to developing sleep disorders due to their inability to fall and stay asleep.
Studies suggest that some people may develop RLS without any known cause. Secondary RLS may be related to an underlying medical condition or medication.
Treatments
There are several treatments available for RLS, including lifestyle changes, medications, and other therapies. Some recommended lifestyle changes include exercising regularly, avoiding caffeine and alcohol, and going to bed and getting up at the same time each night. Taking hot baths and massaging the legs may also help alleviate symptoms.
Medications may be used to reduce the severity of RLS symptoms and help people get a better night’s sleep. The most common medications are dopamine agonists, which work to increase dopamine levels in the brain. Iron supplements may also be used to treat iron deficiency associated with RLS.
Other therapies, such as massage, acupuncture, yoga, and biofeedback, may also be effective in relieving RLS symptoms.
Additional Resources
- Ask your doctor about medications and lifestyle changes that may help manage RLS symptoms
- Talk to a sleep specialist if you are having difficulty sleeping due to RLS
- Find a support group or online community to connect with other people with RLS
Conclusion
Restless Legs Syndrome is a common disorder characterized by an urge to move the legs. It can severely affect people’s quality of sleep and daily functioning. While there is no cure for RLS, treatments are available to help manage the symptoms. It is important to talk to your doctor if you are experiencing symptoms of RLS, especially if they are disrupting your sleep and daily activities.