Sleepwalking is a classic parasomnia that can cause a person to engage in activities such as walking, talking, or even urination while asleep. It’s more common in children than adults and typically disappears as individuals age. While a sleepwalking episode is usually harmless, in some cases, it may cause serious injury to the sleepwalker or those around them if they are unaware of the person’s condition when they are acting out their dreams.
This disorder can be very disruptive to everyday life and have an effect on a person’s health, safety, and quality of life. It’s important to be aware of the causes of sleepwalking and different treatments available to help someone manage their condition.
Sleepwalking is a sleep disorder that is relatively common, yet it remains poorly understood. It is important to become familiar with the causes and treatment of this sleep disorder so that those suffering from it can get the help they need.
What Causes Sleepwalking?
The exact cause of sleepwalking is not known. However, there are several factors that can make a person more prone to sleepwalking, including hereditary factors, hectic lifestyles, and certain medical conditions or medications. Other environmental factors such as noise, extreme temperatures, stress, and sleep deprivation can also trigger a sleepwalking episode.
For children, sleepwalking tends to occur most commonly during the deepest stage of sleep, which is known as slow-wave sleep. In adults, however, it tends to occur during lighter stages of sleep, such as during times of transition from one stage to another.
Identifying Sleepwalking
In most cases, it is fairly easy to identify a person who is sleepwalking. Common signs and symptoms can include: talking in their sleep, walking around the house or outside, appearing confused, or engaging in activities such as eating or urination while asleep. If you suspect someone is sleepwalking, it is important to observe them to make sure they do not do anything dangerous.
It is also helpful to try and maintain your bedroom environment in a peaceful manner, such as turning down lights and noise and ensuring there is a peaceful atmosphere, as this can help reduce the risk of sleepwalking. Additionally, avoiding substances such as alcohol and drugs before bed can also help reduce the risk of sleepwalking.
In some cases, a doctor may be consulted to try and determine the cause of the sleepwalking. It may be helpful to keep a detailed sleep diary to record when episodes occur. This can help the doctor to identify any potential triggers or underlying medical conditions that may be responsible for the sleepwalking.
Treating Sleepwalking
In most cases, sleepwalking does not require treatment. If the sleepwalking episodes are mild and not causing any disruption, it is often best to leave them untouched. If the episodes are more severe and having an effect on the person’s daily life, then treatment may be recommended.
Sleep hygiene measures such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, avoiding caffeine in the evening, and engaging in calming activities prior to bedtime can often help. Cognitive behavioral therapy may be recommended in more severe cases, as this can help to reduce stress levels and can help to address any underlying anxiety that may be contributing to the sleepwalking.
In addition, medications such as over-the-counter antihistamines and sedatives may be prescribed if the sleepwalking episodes are disrupting life. It is important to speak to a doctor before taking any medications.
Preventing Sleepwalking
- Take steps to ensure bedroom environment is peaceful (low lights, low noise)
- Carve out a regular sleep schedule
- Try to reduce stress levels
- Avoid caffeine in the evening
- Avoid alcohol and other substances before bed
- Speak to a doctor if episodes are persistent and disruptive
Conclusion
Sleepwalking is a common sleep disorder that can disrupt everyday life. While mild episodes often don’t require treatment, it is important to become familiar with the causes and different treatments available in order to get the help needed to manage this sleep disorder. Engaging in simple steps to maintain a peaceful sleep environment and reduce stress levels can often be beneficial in helping to reduce the severity and frequency of sleepwalking episodes.