Overview: Melatonin vs. Prescription Sleep Aids
Sleep is incredibly important for human health, yet it can be difficult to get a good night’s rest. For individuals struggling with insomnia or other issues that cause difficulty sleeping, over the counter and prescription sleep aids can help. While prescription sleep aids are often fast-acting and provide a targeted solution, there are potential side effects and risk for addiction or dependence. An increasingly popular option for those needing help falling asleep is melatonin, a natural hormone found in the human body. In contrast to prescription sleep aids, melatonin is non-addictive, non-habit forming, and offers fewer side effects.
Melatonin is available over the counter in a variety of forms from pills and capsules to lozenges and liquid drops. Melatonin supplements come in different doses, some as low as 0.5 mg to as much as 10 mg per pill. Though melatonin is thought to be relatively safe for adults, some believe long-term use of supplemental melatonin can interfere with normal hormone levels.
When deciding whether melatonin or prescription sleep aids is the better option, it is important to consider the individual’s condition, lifestyle and potential risks. Understanding the basics of each option and speaking to a doctor can help a person reach the best possible decision.
How Does Melatonin Work?
Melatonin is a hormone produced in the human body by the pineal gland. It helps to regulate the body’s sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm. Pills, liquid or chewable supplements provide higher doses of melatonin to promote a restful night’s sleep. Unlike prescription sleep medications, melatonin is non-habit forming and generally does not lead to impairment the next day.
It is important to speak with a doctor about melatonin to determine the right dosage for one’s needs. Though melatonin is usually safe, this type of sleep aid should not be taken by people with autoimmune disorders, pregnant women, people with depression, or people who have recently had surgery. It can also interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners, thus it is important to consult with a doctor before taking melatonin.
Does Melatonin Have Any Side Effects?
Though non-addictive, melatonin is not side effect free. It can cause one to feel groggy or cloudy-headed the next day. It is important to note that melatonin may interact with other medications, such as blood pressure drugs or birth control, so speak to a doctor before taking melatonin or any other medication.
Other potential side effects of melatonin include: drowsiness, headaches, dizziness, irritability, nausea, nightmares, and vivid dreams. If taken in higher than recommended doses, melatonin may also cause seizures, low blood pressure, slowed or distorted heart rate, confusion and anxiety. It is recommended to consult with a doctor prior to taking melatonin, or any other sleep aid.
In addition, long-term use of melatonin may disrupt the natural production of melatonin in the body, so supplementation should generally be limited to a couple of months.
Pros and Cons of Prescription Sleep Aids
- Pros:
- Fast-acting
- Can be a highly effective sleep aid
- Medication Targets Insomnia and Other Specific Disorders
- Cons:
- May lead to dependence
- Can have a range of side effects
- May lead to physical and psychological dependence
The Final Verdict
When weighing the pros and cons of each option, neither melatonin nor prescription sleep aids is a clear-cut winner. Ultimately, the decision will depend on many factors, including the individual’s condition, lifestyle, risk factors, and other medications they may be taking. What is clear is that safe sleep is paramount for overall health, so speaking to a doctor is essential in ensuring the right decision is made.