Understanding and Treating Insomnia in the Elderly
Insomnia is a common problem among the elderly, and can become increasingly difficult to treat as they age. Because of the normal physiological changes that occur with aging, elderly adults often experience difficulty sleeping even when healthy sleep habits are established. Unfortunately, lack of sleep can further contribute to health problems, which can be especially dangerous for older adults. Fortunately, there are ways to help identify and safely treat insomnia in the elderly.
Untreated insomnia can result in daytime sleepiness, fatigue, difficulty focusing, and memory lapses. Left untreated, prolonged insomnia can also lead to physical and psychological risks such as increased stress, depression, accidents, and falls. In addition, insomnia can interfere with the effectiveness of medication treatments, delay recovery from illness, and weaken the body’s natural immune system. It is essential to be aware of the etiology and risk factors associated with insomnia in elderly people.
Most importantly, recognizing the symptoms of insomnia in elderly adults can help to manage the condition. An individual may be considered an insomniac if he or she experiences any or all of the following symptoms: chronic difficulties initiating and/or maintaining sleep, frequent awakenings and/or difficulty returning to sleep, and non-restorative sleep. It is also important to be aware of the various factors that can contribute to insomnia in the elderly such as illness, co-morbidities, medication use, disruption of the body’s normal sleep-wake cycle, and environmental changes.
Common Sleep Treatments for Elderly People
If a person is diagnosed with insomnia, different treatments may be recommended depending on the underlying causes. Generally, treatments can be divided into two categories: non-pharmacological therapy and pharmacological therapy. Non-pharmacological treatments can include cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, or lifestyle modifications. Pharmacological treatments involve taking prescribed medications such as melatonin, antihistamines, or antidepressants.
The key to treating insomnia in elderly patients is to establish healthy sleep habits. Depending on individual needs, health care providers may recommend such practices as: sticking to a consistent sleep schedule, avoiding caffeine and alcohol at night, avoiding naps and exercising during the day, and making sure the bedroom is free of distracting noises or bright lights.
Alternative Sleep Treatments
For elderly patients who do not want to take medication to treat insomnia, there are alternative treatments. These include acupuncture, yoga, massage, and bright light therapy. Acupuncture can help to balance the body’s energy levels, while yoga can help to relax the mind and body. Massage can help to promote relaxation in the body, and bright light therapy can help to reset the internal clock and improve sleep.
Relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and mindfulness, can also be helpful in treating insomnia. Regular exercise can help to regulate the body’s natural sleep-wake cycles. Additionally, developing an enjoyable bedtime routine can encourage better sleep habits.
Finally, counseling may be helpful for elderly individuals who may be dealing with emotional issues that cause insomnia. Talking with a therapist can help to uncover any underlying emotional turmoil and provide tools for managing sleep problems.
Other Sleep Tips for Seniors
- Keep regular sleep and wake times.
- Try gentle exercise such as walking 30 minutes every day.
- Avoid stimulating activities close to bedtime.
- Take calming baths or meditate before bed.
- Think positively about sleep.
- Keep the bedroom cool and comfortable.
- Make sure the bedroom is dark and quiet.
Conclusion
Insomnia can be a difficult condition to treat in the elderly, but identifying and treating the underlying causes can help improve sleep. It is important to understand the risks associated with inadequate sleep and to take steps to ensure healthy habits are established. Additionally, it is important to be aware of alternatives to medication that can be used to safely treat insomnia in the elderly.